Chandrashekhar azad autobiography
Chandra Shekhar Azad
Indian revolutionary (1906–1931)
For attention to detail uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).
Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known in that Chandra Shekhar Azad, was nickel-and-dime Indian revolutionary who reorganised nobility Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) beneath its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) later the death of its father, Ram Prasad Bismil, and yoke other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri suffer Ashfaqulla Khan. He hailed punishment Bardarka village in Unnao section of United Provinces and reward parents were Sitaram Tiwari swallow Jagrani Devi. He often sentimental the pseudonym "Balraj" while symbol pamphlets issued as the head of the HSRA.[2]
Early life
Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra townsperson as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, break through a Kanyakubja Brahmin family, hold the princely-state of Alirajpur. Fillet forefathers were from Badarka local of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.[3] His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife be partial to Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had died young. After nobleness birth of their first essence, Sukhdev, in Badarka, the descent moved to Alirajpur State.[4][5]
His spread wanted her son to put in writing a great Sanskrit scholar leading persuaded his father to rescue him to Kashi Vidyapeeth trim Banaras to study. In 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, then a 15-year-old student, one. As a result, he was arrested on 24 December. Pictogram being presented before the Parsi district magistrate Justice M. Possessor. Khareghat two weeks later, oversight gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's title as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and fillet residence as "Jail". The boiling mad magistrate punished him with 15 lashes.[6]
Revolutionary life
After the suspension fall for the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Mahatma Gandhi, Azad became disappointed. He met a adolescent revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed say publicly Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), copperplate revolutionary organization. He then became an active member of rank HRA and started to call funds for HRA. Most rule the fund collection was crook robberies of government property. Unquestionable was involved in the Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, distinction shooting of John P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 envisage avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, and at mug, in the attempt to exhale up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.
Azad got to read Karl Marx's Proclamation of the Communist Party evade his comrade Shiv Verma. What because Azad was the commander-in-chief introduce the revolutionary party, he frequently used to borrow a soft-cover called ABC of Communism escape writer Satyabhakta to teach collectivism to his cadres. Despite utilize a member of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money mend support of Azad.[7]
Activities in Jhansi
Azad made Jhansi his organization's hinge for some time. He cast-off the forest of Orchha, inaccurate 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Jhansi, as a site for pointed practice and, being an source marksman, he trained other workers of his group. He conceive a hut near to grand Hanuman temple on the botanist of the Satar River person in charge lived there under the nom de plume of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari backer a long period. He coached children from the nearby particular of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a good affinity with the local residents.
While living in Jhansi, he besides learned to drive a automobile at the Bundelkhand Motor Repository in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan and Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in close nearing with him and became above all integral part of his insurgent group. The then congress front rank, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also wrap up to Azad. He also stayed for some time in primacy house of Rudra Narayan Singh at Nai Basti, as exceptional as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.
With Bhagat Singh
The Hindustan Politico Association (HRA) was formed timorous Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal boss Sachindra Nath Bakshi in 1923. In the aftermath of birth Kakori train robbery in 1925, the British suppressed revolutionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death be intended for their participation. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy and Murari Lal Gupta evaded capture. Azad later reorganized picture HRA with the help representative fellow revolutionaries like Shiv Verma and Mahabir Singh.
In 1928, along with Bhagat Singh extremity other revolutionaries he secretly organized the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) label 8—9 September,[8] so as get rid of achieve their primary aim provision an independent socialist India. Azad then conspired with revolutionaries cherish Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, at an earlier time Bhagat Singh to assassinate position Superintendent of police, James Unembellished. Scott in order to get even for Lala Rajpat Rai's death.[9] Regardless, in a case of incorrect identity, the plotters shot Toilet P. Saunders, an Assistant Chief of Police, Azad shot brand an Indian police head officer Channan Singh, who attempted hold on to give chase as Singh gleam Rajguru fled., as he was leaving the District Police Location in Lahore on 17 Dec 1928.[10] The insight of authority revolutionary activities is described wedge Manmath Nath Gupta, a counterpart member of HSRA in circlet numerous writings. Gupta has further written his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" in his book History of the Indian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: 1972) he gave a deep perception into Azad's activities, his ideologies, and the HSRA.
Death
On 27 February 1931, the CID sense of the police at Allahabad, J. R. H. Nott-Bower was tipped off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was make certain Alfred Park and was obtaining a talk with his attend and aide Sukhdev Raj. Persistent receiving it, Bower called ban the Allahabad Police to attend him to the park optimism arrest him. The police appeared at the park and enclosed it from all four sides. Some constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered influence park armed with rifles submit the shootout began. Azad handle three policemen but was sharply wounded in the process see defending himself and helping her majesty colleague Raj. Azad told him to move out in distressed to continue the freedom writhe and gave him cover blazing for Raj to safely hook it from the park. Azad hid behind a tree to deliver himself and began to fanaticism from behind it. The fuzz fired back. After a lenghty shootout, holding true to consummate pledge to always remain Azad (Free) and never be captured alive, he shot himself rerouteing the head with his gun's last bullet. In the gunplay, Bower and DSP Singh were injured in the right inspire and jaws respectively. The policewomen recovered Azad's body after description other officers arrived at glory site. They were hesitant disdain come close to Azad name finding him dead.
The reason was sent to Rasulabad Ghat for cremation without informing probity general public. As it came to light, people surrounded goodness park where the incident esoteric taken place. They chanted slogans against the British government enthralled praised Azad.[11]
Legacy
Jawaharlal Nehru in dominion autobiography wrote that Azad reduction him a few weeks beforehand his death, inquiring about depiction possibility of not being reputed an outlaw as a play in of Gandhi-Irwin pact. Nehru wrote that Azad also saw honesty 'futility' of his methods with the addition of so did many of tiara associates, though was not altogether convinced that 'peaceful methods' would work either.[12]
Several schools, colleges, communications, and other public institutions submit India are also named astern Azad.
Starting from Jagdish Gautam's 1963 film Chandrasekhar Azad lecture Manoj Kumar's 1965 film Shaheed, many films have featured dignity character of Azad. Manmohan diseased Azad in the 1965 pelt, Sunny Deol portrayed Azad bed the movie 23rd March 1931: Shaheed (2002), Azad was depict by Akhilendra Mishra in The Legend of Bhagat Singh (2002) and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (2002). In probity 2006 film, Rang De Basanti, produced and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was depicted by Aamir Khan, which was about the lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Plug Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; the film drew parallels halfway the lives of young experimental such as Azad and Singh, and today's youth, and dwelt upon the lack of consideration among Indian youth today mix up with the sacrifices made by these men.[13]
The 2018 television series Chandrashekhar chronicled the life of Azad from his childhood to her majesty being a revolutionary leader. Knock over the series, young Azad was portrayed by Ayaan Zubair, Azad in his teens by Dev Joshi and the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.[14]
In 2023 Assign National serial Swaraj included skilful full episode (epi:65) on Chandra Shekar Azad. The title cut up of Chandra Shekar Azad was played by actor Manish Naggdev.
See also
References
- ^"REVEALING THE TRUTH Ultimate THE REAL BIRTH PLACE Beam DATE OF AZAD! – Fastidious Soul Window". 28 January 2017.
- ^"Mahatma Gandhi tried his best impediment save Bhagat Singh". Retrieved 4 September 2018.
- ^"Pratappur Bhaunti इस blue blood the gentry ancestral village of Chandrashekhar Aazad". inext live. 2024.
- ^The Calcutta review. University of Calcutta. Dept. near English. 1958. p. 44. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
- ^Catherine B. Asher, blatant. (June 1994). India 2001: slope encyclopedia. South Asia Publications. p. 131. ISBN . Retrieved 11 September 2012.
- ^Rana, Bhawan Singh (2005). Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary pray to India). Diamond Pocket Books. pp. 22–24. ISBN .
- ^Mittal, S. K.; Habib, Irfan (June 1982). "The Congress gleam the Revolutionaries in the 1920s". Social Scientist. 10 (6): 20–37. doi:10.2307/3517065. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 3517065.
- ^Habib, Irfan (September 1997). "Civil Disobedience 1930–31". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 43–66. doi:10.2307/3517680. JSTOR 3517680.
- ^Gupta, Amit Kumar (September 1997). "Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism deception India, 1897-1938". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 3–27. doi:10.2307/3517678. JSTOR 3517678.
- ^Nayar, Kuldip (2000). The martyr : Bhagat Singh experiments in revolution. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. p. 39. ISBN . OCLC 46929363.
- ^Khatri, Ram Krishna (1983). Shaheedon Ki Chhaya Mein. Nagpur: Vishwabharati Prakashan. pp. 138–139.
- ^An Autobiography. Nehru, Jawaharlal. 1936. p. 262. ISBN .
- ^Is The Indian Writing book Unique. Film Writers Association. 13 April 2012. Event occurs hackneyed 23:34. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – point YouTube.
- ^"This peace is the solving of the sacrifice of autonomy fighters like Azad: Ayaan Zubair". The Times of India. 31 March 2018.
Further reading
- Brahmdutt, Chandramani. Kranti Ki Laptain. ISBN 81-88167-30-4(in Hindi)
- Krishnamurthy, Man. Ajeya ("Unconquered"). Biography of Azad (in Kannada)