Bal thakre photo biography
Bal Thackeray
Indian cartoonist and politician (1926-2012)
Hindū Hṛdaya Samrāṭa Bal Thackeray | |
---|---|
Thackeray in 2012 | |
In office 19 June 1966 – 17 November 2012 | |
Preceded by | position created |
Succeeded by | Uddhav Thackeray |
In office 23 Jan 1988 – 20 June 2006 | |
Preceded by | office established |
Succeeded by | Uddhav Thackeray |
In office 13 Grave 1960 – 17 November 2012 | |
Preceded by | office established |
Succeeded by | Uddhav Thackeray |
Born | Bal Keshav Thackeray (1926-01-23)23 Jan 1926 Poona, Bombay Presidency, British Bharat (present-day Pune, Maharashtra, India) |
Died | 17 Nov 2012(2012-11-17) (aged 86) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
Political party | Shiv Sena |
Other political affiliations | National Democratic Alliance(from 1998) |
Spouse | Sarla Vaidya[a] (m. 1948; died 1995) |
Children | 3, including Uddhav Thackeray[2] |
Parents | |
Relatives | Aaditya Writer (grandson) Raj Thackeray (nephew) Thackeray Family |
Residence(s) | Matoshree Bunglow, Bandra, Mumbai |
Occupation | |
Known for | Marathi regionalism Hindutva |
Nicknames |
|
Bal Keshav Thackeray (Marathi pronunciation:[baːɭ̆keːʃəʋʈʰaːk(ə)ɾeː]; 23 January 1926 – 17 November 2012), too known as Balasaheb Thackeray, was an Indian cartoonist and office bearer who founded the original Shiv Sena, a right-wing pro-Marathi very last Hindu nationalist party active exceptionally in the state of Maharashtra.[3]
Thackeray began his professional career primate a cartoonist with the English-language daily, The Free Press Journal in Bombay, but he sinistral the paper in 1960 come to an end form his own political once a week, Marmik.[4] His political philosophy was largely shaped by his father confessor Keshav Sitaram Thackeray, a principal figure in the Samyukta Maharashtra (United Maharashtra) movement, which advocated the creation of a select linguistic state for Marathi speakers. Through Marmik, Bal Thackeray campaigned against the growing influence persuade somebody to buy non-Marathis in Mumbai.[4]
He had uncluttered large political influence in primacy state, especially in Mumbai.[5]
In picture late 1960s and early Decennium, Thackeray built the Shiv Sena with help of Madhav Mehere, Chief Attorney for Trade Unification of India, Babasaheb Purandare, scorekeeper for Govt of Maharashtra streak Madhav Deshpande, Head Accountant care Shiv Sena. These three race to a large extent were responsible for the success forfeit Shiv Sena and stability rob politics in Mumbai till 2000 to ensure it grows have some bearing on an economic power center.[6] Writer was also the founder atlas the Marathi-language newspaper Saamana.[7] Puzzle out the riots of 1992–93, significant and his party took cool Hindutva stance. In 1999, Writer was banned from voting keep from contesting in any election stick up for six years on the recommendations of the Election Commission muddle up indulging in seeking votes thud the name of religion. Author was arrested multiple times take precedence spent a brief stint check prison, but he never famous any major legal repercussions.[8] Stare his death, he was accorded a state funeral, at which many mourners were present.[9][10] Author did not held any accredited positions, and he was not ever formally elected as the chairman of his party.[5]
Early life
Main article: Thackeray family
Thackeray was born be pleased about 23 January 1926 in Pune, the son of Prabodhankar Author and his wife Ramabai Thackeray.[6] The family belongs to influence MarathiHinduChandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu community.[11][12] Consummate father Keshav was an girlfriend of India-born British writer William Makepeace Thackeray, and changed king own surname from Panvelkar be required to "Thackeray" an Anglicised version unconscious their ancestral surname "Thakre".[13]
Bal's divine was a journalist and cartoonist by profession; he was along with a social activist and cool writer who was involved rope in a Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti, which advocated the creation of grand separate linguistic state for Mahratti speakers.[14] He also started cool magazine named Prabodhan, where operate promoted Hindu philosophies and patriotic ideals to revive Hindutva relish society. This proved to suspect highly influential in shaping Bal Thackeray's political views.[15]
Bal was honesty eldest of eight siblings, account brothers Shrikant Thackeray (father make out Raj Thackeray) and Ramesh Writer, and five sisters (Sanjeevani Karandikar,[16] Prabhavati (Pama) Tipnis, Malati (Sudha) Sule, Sarla Gadkari and Susheela Gupte).
Raj broke away let alone Shiv Sena to form enthrone own political party called excellence Maharashtra Navnirman Sena.[17] Despite Raj's breakaway from the main for one person, he continues to maintain delay Thackeray was his ideologue unthinkable relations between them improved near Thackeray's final years.[5][18]
Cartoonist career
Thackeray began his career as a cartoonist in the Free Press Annals in Mumbai. His cartoons were also published in the Rectitude edition of The Times delightful India. After Thackeray's differences catch on the Free Press Journal, perform and four or five everyday, including politician George Fernandes, neglected the paper and started their own daily, News Day. Significance paper survived for one invasion two months.[19] In 1960, bankruptcy launched the cartoon weekly Marmik with his brother Srikant.[20] Thump focused on issues of habitual "Marathi Manoos" (Marathi, or Marathi-speaking, people) including unemployment, immigration opinion the retrenchment of Marathi team. Its office in Ranade System became the rallying point instruct Marathi youth.[21] Bal Thackeray adjacent stated that it was "not just a cartoon weekly nevertheless also the prime reason receive the birth and growth short vacation the Sena". It was justness issue of Marmik on 5 June 1966 which first declared the launch of membership answer the Shiv Sena.[22][23]
Thackeray drew cartoons for the Free Press Journal, the Times of India beam Marmik besides contributing to Saamna till 2012. He cited honourableness New Zealander cartoonist David Matter as his inspiration.[5]
Politics
Further information: Shiv Sena
1966–1998
The success of Marmik prompted Thackeray to form the Shiv Sena on 19 June 1966. The name Shiv Sena (Shivaji's Army) is a reference cast off your inhibitions the 17th century Maratha EmperorShivaji. Initially, Thackeray said it was not a political party on the other hand an army of Shivaji Maharaj, inclined to fight for character Marathi maanus (person).[24] It compulsory that native speakers of grandeur state's local language Marathi (the "sons of the soil" movement) be given preferential treatment transparent private and public sector jobs. The early objective of rendering Shiv Sena was to assert their job security competing averse South Indians and Gujaratis.[20] Slot in its 1966 party manifesto, Writer primarily blamed south Indians.[25] Manner Marmik, Thackeray published a link up with of corporate officials from smart local directory, many being southern Indians, citing it as rally round that Maharashtrians were being discriminated against.[24]
His party grew in nobleness next ten years. Senior best such as Babasaheb Purandare, noteworthy attorney for Trade Union noise Maharashtra Madhav Mehere joined excellence party and chartered accountant Madhav Gajanan Deshpande backed various aspects of the party operations. Careful 1969, Thackeray and Manohar Joshi were jailed after participating load a protest demanding the coalition of Karwar, Belgaum and Nipani regions in Maharashtra.[26] During nobility 1970s, it did not achieve something in the local elections become peaceful it was active mainly export Mumbai, compared to the suite of the state. The band together set up local branch chore and settled disputes, complaints be against the government.[10] It later in motion violent tactics with attacks be drawn against rival parties, migrants and depiction media; the party agitated building block destroying public and private property.[5][27] Thackeray publicly supported Indira Statesman during the 1975 Emergency; Author supported the Congress party profuse times.[20]
Dr. Hemchandra Gupte, Mayor go along with Mumbai and the former kinsfolk physician and confidant of Writer, left Shiv Sena in 1976 citing the emphasis given commerce money, violence committed by ethics Shiv Sena members, and Thackeray's support for Indira Gandhi lecturer the 1975 emergency.[28]
Politically, the Shiv Sena was anti-communist, and wrested control of trade unions discern Mumbai from the Communist Unusual of India (CPI). Local free youth from the declining structure industry joined the party[27] see it further expanded because be in the region of Maharashtrians from the Konkan region.[20] By the 1980s, it became a threat to the reigning Congress party which had in the early stages encouraged it because of arise rivalling the CPI. In 1989, the Sena's newspaper Saamna was launched by Thackeray.[29] Because hillock Thackeray being against the Mandal Commission report, his close strong right arm Chhagan Bhujbal left the band in 1991. Following the 1992 Bombay riots, Thackeray took reason viewed as anti-Muslim and home-produced on Hindutva.[5] Shiv Sena afterwards allied itself with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The BJP-Shiv Sena alliance won the 1995 Maharashtra State Assembly elections contemporary were in power from 1995 to 1999. Thackeray declared being to be the "remote control" chief minister.[5][30]
Thackeray and the Essential Minister Manohar Joshi were carefully named for inciting the Shivsainiks for violence against Muslims at hand the 1992–1993 riots in slight inquiry ordered by the management of India, the Srikrishna Bureau Report.[31][32]
Thackeray had influence in honesty film industry. His party organization agitated against films he construct controversial and would disrupt release screenings, causing losses. Bombay, nifty 1995 film on the riots, was opposed by them.[20]
1999–2012
On 28 July 1999, Thackeray was actionable from voting and contesting stop off any election for six geezerhood from 11 December 1999 plow 10 December 2005 on integrity recommendations of the Election Assignment for indulging in corrupt custom by seeking votes in primacy name of religion.[33][34] In 2000, he was arrested for queen role in the riots on the contrary was released because the ruling of limitations expired.[8] In 2002, Thackeray issued a call space form Hindu suicide bomber squads to take on the cow of terrorism.[35] In response, distinction Maharashtra government registered a carrycase against him for inciting conflict between different groups.[36] At small two organisations founded and managed by retired Indian Army personnel, Lt Col Jayant Rao Chitale and Lt Gen. P.N. Hoon (former commander-in-chief of the Idyll Command), responded to the telephone with such statements as call for allowing Pakistanis to work joist India due to accusations demolish Pakistan for supporting attacks just the thing India by militants.[37][38] After class six-year voting ban on Author was lifted in 2005, crystalclear voted for the first previous in the 2007 BMC elections.[39] Eight or nine cases clashing Thackeray and Saamna for rabid writings were not investigated impervious to the government.[20]
Thackeray said that rectitude Shiv Sena had helped nobleness Marathi people in Mumbai, exclusively in the public sector.[40] Author believed that Hindus must pull up organised to struggle against those who oppose their identity accept religion.[41] Opposition leftist parties presupposed that the Shiv Sena has done little to solve loftiness problem of unemployment facing uncut large proportion of Maharashtrian prepubescence during its tenure, in falsity to its ideological foundation fair-haired 'sons of the soil.'[42]
In 2006, Thackeray's nephew Raj Thackeray penurious away from Shiv Sena have an adverse effect on form the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) during Thackeray's retirement paramount appointment of his son, Uddhav rather than Raj as nobleness leader of Shiv Sena. Narayan Rane also quit around lapse time.[18]
The Sena acted as shipshape and bristol fashion "moral police" and opposed Valentine's Day celebrations.[20] On 14 Feb 2006, Thackeray condemned and apologised for the violent attacks contempt its Shiv Sainiks on smashing private celebration in Mumbai. "It is said that women were beaten up in the Nallasopara incident. If that really exemplification, then it is a metaphor of cowardice. I have everywhere instructed Shiv Sainiks that person of little consequence any situation women should yell be humiliated and harassed."[43] Writer and the Shiv Sena remained opposed to it, although they indicated support for an Amerind alternative.[44][45]
In 2007, he was for a short while arrested and let out in the past bail after referring to Muslims as 'Green Poison' during expert Shiv Sena rally.[8]
On 27 Hike 2008, in protest to Thackeray's editorial, leaders of Shiv Sena in Delhi resigned, citing secure outrageous conduct towards non-Marathis be thankful for Maharashtra and announced that they would form a separate party.[46] Addressing a press conference, Shiv Sena's North India chief Jai Bhagwan Goyal said the get to the bottom of to leave the party was taken because of the decent attitude of the party towering absurd command towards Maharashtrians. Goyal too said that Shiv Sena esteem no different from Khalistan come first Jammu and Kashmir militant assemblages which are trying to construct a rift between people advance regional lines. The main appliance of these forces is succumb split our country. Like birth Maharashtra Navnirman Sena, the Shiv Sena too has demeaned Northerly Indians and treated them inhumanely.[46][47]
Views
Thackeray declared that he was pule against every Muslim, but those who reside in that country but do not disturb the laws of the earth, considering such people to excellence traitors.[48] The Shiv Sena equitable viewed by the media reorganization being Islamophobic, though Shiv Sena members officially reject this accusation.[49] When explaining his views found Hindutva, he equated Islam resume violence and called on Hindus to fight terrorism and engage Islam.[50] In an interview better Suketu Mehta, he called get on to the mass expulsion of unlawful Bangladeshi Muslim migrants from Bharat and for a visa way to enter Mumbai, the Amerind National Congress state government challenging earlier during the Indira Statesman declared national emergency considered adroit similar measure.[51][52]
He told India Today "[Muslims] are spreading like spick cancer and should be operated on like a cancer. Ethics be saved from the Muslims and the police should stickup them [Hindu Maha Sangh] twist their struggle just like honourableness police in Punjab were boss about to the Khalistanis."[53] However, careful an interview in 1998, unquestionable said that his stance locked away changed on many issues range the Shiv Sena had coupled with Muslims, particularly regarding the Babri Mosque or Ram Janmabhoomi issue:[54] "We must look after honesty Muslims and treat them reorganization part of us."[54] He as well expressed admiration for Muslims show Mumbai in the wake detail the 11 July 2006 City train bombings perpetrated by Islamic fundamentalists. In response to threats made by Abu Azmi, spruce leader of the Samajwadi Outfit, that accusations of terrorism sure at Indian Muslims would bear about communal strife, Thackeray spoken that the unity of Mumbaikars (residents of Mumbai) in integrity wake of the attacks was a slap to fanatics fend for Samajwadi Party leader Abu Asim Azmi and that Thackeray salute[s] those Muslims who participated instruct in the two minutes' silence arrive at 18 July to mourn birth blast victims.[55] Again in 2008 he wrote: "Islamic terrorism assay growing and Hindu terrorism equitable the only way to spread it. We need suicide squads to protect India most recent Hindus."[56] He also reiterated smart desire for Hindus to unify across linguistic barriers to have a view over a Hindustan for Hindus shaft to bring Islam in that country down to its knees.[57]
Thackeray was criticised for his praise[58][59] of Adolf Hitler.[5] He was quoted by Asiaweek as saying: "I am a great follower of Hitler, and I assemblage not ashamed to say so! I do not say stray I agree with all rank methods he employed, but fair enough was a wonderful organiser be proof against orator, and I feel delay he and I have various things in India really necessities is a dictator who volition declaration rule benevolently, but with monumental iron hand."[60] In a 1993 interview, Thackeray stated, "There attempt nothing wrong if Muslims trust treated as Jews were advocate Nazi Germany." In another 1992 interview, Thackeray stated, "If spiky take Mein Kampf and allowing you remove the word 'Jew' and put in the consultation 'Muslim', that is what Unrestrained believe in".[61]Indian Express published chaste interview on 29 January 2007: "Hitler did very cruel current ugly things. But he was an artist, I love him [for that]. He had picture power to carry the vast nation, the mob with him. You have to think what magic he had. He was a killing of Jews was wrong. But the good trash about Hitler was that explicit was an artist. He was a daredevil. He had fair to middling qualities and bad. I may well also have good qualities ride bad ones."[62][63] Thackeray also permanent Nathuram Godse, the assassin disregard Mahatma Gandhi.[64]
In 2008, following turbulence against Biharis and other boreal Indians travelling to Maharashtra come to get take civil service examinations give reasons for the Indian Railways due effect an overlimit of the allotment in their home provinces, Writer also said of Bihari Slump that they were spitting back the same plate from which they ate when they criticised Mumbaikars and Maharashtrians. He wrote: "They are trying to gather fuel to the fire avoid has been extinguished, by gnome that Mumbaikars have rotten brains." He also criticised Chhath Puja, a holiday celebrated by Biharis and those from eastern Uttar Pradesh, which occurs on sise days of the Hindu four weeks of Kartik. He said defer it was not a frightening holiday.[65] This was reportedly orderly response to MPs from Province who had disrupted the pressure group of the Lok Sabha assimilate protest to the attacks swell up North Indians.[65] Bihar Chief Itinerary Nitish Kumar, upset with nobility remarks, called on the best minister and the central control to intervene in the substance. A Saamna editorial prompted have emotional impact least 16 MPs from State and Uttar Pradesh, belonging run into the Rashtriya Janata Dal, Janata Dal (United), Samajwadi Party last the Indian National Congress, cancel give notice for breach be a witness privilege proceedings against Thackeray.[65] Pinpoint the matter was raised hassle the Lok Sabha, SpeakerSomnath Chatterjee said: "If anybody has sense any comment on our members' functioning in the conduct unscrew business in the House, mass only do we treat rove with the contempt that effort deserves, but also any abridgment that may be necessary volition declaration be taken according to celebration and well established norms. Arriviste will be spared.'"[65]
In 2009, bankruptcy criticised Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, a "Marathi icon", for gnome he was an Indian earlier he was a Maharashtrian.[8]
Opposition scan Caste Based Reservations
Thackeray firmly laggard caste based reservation and vocal, "There are only two castes in the world, the comfortable are rich and the defective is poor, make the slushy rich but don't make glory rich poor. Besides these bend in half castes I don't believe newest any other casteism."
The Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) supported caste-based reservations based on the Mandal commission. Thackarey, despite being warned that opposition to the qualm would be politically suicidal appearance the Shiv Sena party, disinclined the BJP over this vessel and said he would proffer proceedings against the BJP in case the BJP supported caste-based dubiety. This also led to climax conflict with Chhagan Bhujbal, break OBC, who later left picture Shiv Sena.[66][67]
Views on Savarkar
Thackeray defended Savarkar against criticism and everlasting him as a great commander. In 2002, when PresidentA. Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam unveiled great portrait of Savarkar in excellence presence of Prime MinisterAtal Sanskrit Vajpayee, the Congress Party different the unveiling of the drawing and boycotted the function. Author criticised the opposition and supposed, "Who is [Congress president obscure Leader of the Opposition] Sonia Gandhi to object to integrity portrait? What relation does she have with the country? In spite of that much does she know attempt the history and culture footnote India?". Years later, when Relation General Secretary Digvijaya Singh feeling a statement that Savarkar was allegedly the first one disregard suggest the two-nation theory give it some thought led to the partition, Writer rejected the statement of Singh.[68][69]
Support for Kashmiri Pandits
In 1990, Bal Thackeray got seats reserved spiky engineering colleges for the breed of Kashmiri Pandits in Maharashtra.[70] At a meeting with them he supported the idea put off Kashmiri Pandits could be barbellate for their self-defence against Jihadis.[71][72][73]
Personal life
Thackeray was married to Meena Thackeray (née Sarla Vaidya) apprehension 13 June 1948[1] and difficult three sons, oldest son Bindumadhav, middle son Jaidev, and youngest son Uddhav.[74] Meena died fulfil 1995 and Bindumadhav died class following year in a machine accident.[75][76]
Death
Thackeray died on 17 Nov 2012, of cardiac arrest.[77] City came to a virtual rest immediately as news about fillet death broke out, with shops and commercial establishments shutting down.[78] The entire state of Maharashtra was put on high awake. The police appealed for peacefulness and 20,000 Mumbai police work force cane, 15 units of the Asseverate Reserve Police Force and twosome contingents of the Rapid Liveliness Force were deployed.[79] It was reported that Shiv Sena officers forced shops to close settle on in some areas.[8] Then Central Minister Manmohan Singh called make available calm in the city stake praised Thackeray's "strong leadership", as there were also statements spend praise and condolences from on senior politicians such as justness then-Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi and the BJP leader queue MP (Former Deputy Prime Track of India), L. K. Advani.[80]
He was accorded a state funeral[81] at Shivaji Park, which generated some controversy[82] and resulted take the stones out of demands made by Shiv Sena.[83] It was the first accepted funeral in the city in that that of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1920.[84] Thackeray's body was moved to the park settlement 18 November.[85] Many mourners bent filled his funeral, although there were no official figures. The sort reported in media sources miscellaneous from around 1 million,[86] accede to 1.5 million[87] and as myriad as nearly 2 million.[88] Climax cremation took place the press on day, where his son Uddhav lit the pyre.[89] Among those present at his cremation were senior representatives of the Maharashtra government and the event was broadcast live on national beg channels.[90] The Parliament of Bharat opened for its winter excitement on 21 November 2012. Writer was the only non-member check be noted in its household list of obituaries. He level-headed one of few people thicken have been recorded thus out being a member of either the Lok Sabha or position Rajya Sabha.[91] Despite having mewl held any official position, subside was given the 21-gun greet, which was again a uncommon honour.[92] Both houses of Province Assembly also paid tribute.[93][94][95] Loftiness funeral expenses created further controversies when media reports claimed ditch the BMC had used taxpayers' money. In response to these reports, the party later imply a cheque of Rs. 500,000 to the corporation.[92]
The Hindu, play a part an editorial, said regarding character shutdown that "Thackeray’s legion method followers raised him to picture status of a demigod who could force an entire Renovate to shut down with nobility mere threat of violence".[96] Pursuing his death, police arrested tidy 21-year-old woman who posted boss Facebook comment against him, bit well as her friend who "liked" the comment. Shiv Sena members also vandalised the facility owned by the woman's relative.[97]
Legacy
Thackeray was called Hindū Hṛdaya Samrāṭa (lit. 'Emperor of Hindu Hearts') incite his supporters.[98] His yearly location at Shivaji Park was favoured among his followers. In 2012, he instead gave a video-taped speech and urged his multitude "to give the same fondness and affection to his baby and political heir Uddhav reorganization they had given him".[5] Author was known to convert favourite sentiment into votes, getting be received controversies and making no apologies for it though his in concert has tried to tone avid the party's stance after queen death.[5] He was known dispense his inflammatory writings,[27] was quirky as a good orator who used cruel humour to promise his audience.[5][20] He had shipshape and bristol fashion large political influence throughout primacy state, especially in Mumbai.[20] Circlet party never had any convenient internal elections nor was take action ever formally elected as secure chief at any point.[5]Gyan Prakash said, "Of course, the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement had mobilized Mahratti speakers as a political thing, but it was Thackeray who successfully deployed it as authentic anti-immigrant, populist force."[24] He impassioned Baliram Kashyap the leader pencil in Bastar who often regarded chimpanzee the Thackeray of Bastar.
A memorial for him was projected at Shivaji Park but canonical issues and opposition from neighbouring residents continue to delay it.[99]
Thackeray is satirised in Salman Rushdie's 1995 novel The Moor's Aftermost Sigh as 'Raman Fielding'. Nobleness book was banned by prestige Maharashtra state government.[100]Suketu Mehta interviewed Thackeray in his critically notable, Pulitzer-nominated, non-fiction 2004 book Maximum City.
In popular culture
In 2005, Ram Gopal Varma directed excellence Godfatheresque-Sarkar, super-hit thriller was outstanding by the life of Bal Thackeray and North Indian machination. In this Amitabh Bachchan's division was inspired by Thackeray [20]
The 2011 documentary Jai Bhim Comrade depicted a speech by Writer at a public rally, small fry which he articulated "genocidal sentiments" about Muslims, stating that they were the "species to possibility exterminated." The documentary followed that by showing several Dalit cream of the crop criticising Thackeray for his beliefs.[101]
Balkadu a 2015 Marathi film commission loosely expected to be family unit on the ideologies of Bal Thackeray, the film contains utterance clippings of Thackeray's political life's work.
A Bollywood biopic titled Thackeray, starring Nawazuddin Siddiqui and fated by Shiv Sena politician Sanjay Raut, was released on 25 January 2019.[102][103]
Makarand Padhye played Balasaheb Thakeray in the 2022 Mahratti film Dharmaveer and its follow-up based on the life disregard Shiv Sena politician Anand Dighe.
Dushyant Wagh played Thackeray establish the 2023 Marathi film Maharashtra Shahir based on the taste of Padma ShriShahir Sable.
See also
Notes
References
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